*Clauses Grammar Review Definition of a clause: a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and functions as part of a sentence or as a whole sentence.
Main Clause- has a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought. it is the only kind of clause that can stand alone as a sentence. Example: She would stay at her cousin's plantation, which was named Shellmound.
Subordinate Clause- has a subject and a predicate but does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence. Example: Since the windows would not stay open by themselves, they were propped up by sticks.
Adjective Clause- is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. An adjective clause may begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, and which) or where or when. The clause usually follows the word it modifies. Example: Athletes who perform in the Olympics must spend years in training.
Essential Adjective Clauses- an adjective clause that is needed to make the meaning of the sentence clear. it must not be set off with commas. Example: Travelers who travel to the games stay in hotels. Nonessential Adjective Clauses- an adjective clause that adds information to the sentence but it is not necessary to make the meaning of the sentence clear. always set off with commas. Example: The athletes, who received thousands of messages, appreciated this service.
That vs. Which Clauses- When choosing between that and which to introduce an adjective clause, use that to begin an essential clause and which to being a nonessential clause. Example: Millions watched the 1998 Winter Olympics, which took place in Nagano. Example: Other competitions that include similar events are less publicized.
Adverb Clause- is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. It tells when, where, how, why, to what extent, or under what conditions. Elliptical adverb clauses have words left out of them. You can easily supply the ommitted words because they are understood or implied. Example: Before winter began, I planted bulbs. (notice the comma after the introductory adverb clause). Example of elliptical: While [I am] gardening, I always take time to enjoy the flowers.
Noun Clause- is a subordinate clause that is used as a noun within the main clause of a sentence. Example: Whatever you can learn about computers will prove useful in the workplace. [noun clause as subject] Example: You should take whichever computer classes are offered. [noun clause as a direct object] Example: The instructor gave whoever was available word-processing lessons. [noun clause as an indirect object] Example: You can get by on what you learn in this class. [noun clause as object of the preposition] Example: The basics of computer is what you must learn. [noun clause as predicate nominative]
Words that can begin a noun clause: how, however, if, that, what, whatever, when, where, wherever, wheter, which, whichever, who, whom, whoever, whomever, whose, why.
Questions: *For the following write the subordinate clause and decide whether it is a adjective, adverb, or noun clause (if it is a noun clause tell how it is functioning). 1. What Billy did shocked his friends.
2. After he fumbled with the words for a minute, John finally proposed to Jane 3. The children who are on the bus are going to visit the museum. 4. Mary is not responsible for what Billy did. 5. The flowers, which just arrived, is for you. *For the following write main clause or subordinate clause to identify the underlined clauses. 1. Jonathon spent his class time reading comic books sincehis average was a 45 one week before final exams. 2. Diane decided to plant tomatoes in the back of the yardwhere the sun blazed the longest during the day. 3. Tanya did poorly on her history exam because her best friend Giselle insisted on gossiping during their study session the night before. 4. Where the sun shown on them, the fields glowed like a lighted fireplace. 5. Because my dog loves pizza crusts, he never barks at the deliveryman
Definition of a clause:
a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and functions as part of a sentence or as a whole sentence.
Main Clause- has a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought. it is the only kind of clause that can stand alone as a sentence.
Example: She would stay at her cousin's plantation, which was named Shellmound.
Subordinate Clause- has a subject and a predicate but does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence.
Example: Since the windows would not stay open by themselves, they were propped up by sticks.
Adjective Clause- is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. An adjective clause may begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, and which) or where or when. The clause usually follows the word it modifies.
Example: Athletes who perform in the Olympics must spend years in training.
Essential Adjective Clauses- an adjective clause that is needed to make the meaning of the sentence clear. it must not be set off with commas.
Example: Travelers who travel to the games stay in hotels.
Nonessential Adjective Clauses- an adjective clause that adds information to the sentence but it is not necessary to make the meaning of the sentence clear. always set off with commas.
Example: The athletes, who received thousands of messages, appreciated this service.
That vs. Which Clauses- When choosing between that and which to introduce an adjective clause, use that to begin an essential clause and which to being a nonessential clause.
Example: Millions watched the 1998 Winter Olympics, which took place in Nagano.
Example: Other competitions that include similar events are less publicized.
Adverb Clause- is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. It tells when, where, how, why, to what extent, or under what conditions. Elliptical adverb clauses have words left out of them. You can easily supply the ommitted words because they are understood or implied.
Example: Before winter began, I planted bulbs. (notice the comma after the introductory adverb clause).
Example of elliptical: While [I am] gardening, I always take time to enjoy the flowers.
Noun Clause- is a subordinate clause that is used as a noun within the main clause of a sentence.
Example: Whatever you can learn about computers will prove useful in the workplace. [noun clause as subject]
Example: You should take whichever computer classes are offered. [noun clause as a direct object]
Example: The instructor gave whoever was available word-processing lessons. [noun clause as an indirect object]
Example: You can get by on what you learn in this class. [noun clause as object of the preposition]
Example: The basics of computer is what you must learn. [noun clause as predicate nominative]
Words that can begin a noun clause:
how, however, if, that, what, whatever, when, where, wherever, wheter, which, whichever, who, whom, whoever, whomever, whose, why.
Questions:
*For the following write the subordinate clause and decide whether it is a adjective, adverb, or noun clause (if it is a noun clause tell how it is functioning).
1. What Billy did shocked his friends.
2. After he fumbled with the words for a minute, John finally proposed to Jane
3. The children who are on the bus are going to visit the museum.
4. Mary is not responsible for what Billy did.
5. The flowers, which just arrived, is for you.
*For the following write main clause or subordinate clause to identify the underlined clauses.
1. Jonathon spent his class time reading comic books since his average was a 45 one week before final exams.
2. Diane decided to plant tomatoes in the back of the yard where the sun blazed the longest during the day.
3. Tanya did poorly on her history exam because her best friend Giselle insisted on gossiping during their study session the night before.
4. Where the sun shown on them, the fields glowed like a lighted fireplace.
5. Because my dog loves pizza crusts, he never barks at the deliveryman